Menene manufar shigar da bene na antistatic?Amsar da aka fi sani ga wannan tambayar ita ce: "Muna buƙatar bene na ESD don hana tsayayyen wutar lantarki daga motsin ma'aikata yayin aiki akan abubuwan da ke da mahimmanci da tsarin."wayoyi da tasha.
Duk da yake wannan amsar tana nuna maɓalli mai mahimmanci na bene na ESD mai aiki, yana da ƙanƙantar ma'auni.Hakanan yana siyar da yawancin fa'idodin da benayen ESD a zahiri ke bayarwa.Kamar duk sauran abubuwan kariya na ESD, benayen ESD wani yanki ne kawai na babban tsarin haɗin gwiwa wanda ke kiyaye dukkan sassa, inji, kayan aiki, marufi, saman aiki da mutane a daidai wannan damar.
Lokacin kimanta bene, masu ƙididdigewa suna jagorantar manyan sigogin aiki guda biyu: 1) juriya na tsarin bene;2) yawan cajin da mutum ke samarwa yayin tafiya a ƙasa a cikin wani takalmi.Amma menene game da cikakkun bayanai da kansu?Ta yaya za mu kare su?Lokacin da muke canja wurin sassa daga wannan aiki zuwa wani, ba za mu sanya su cikin tafin hannunmu ba.Muna amfani da jakunkuna na ziplock, manyan motocin pallet masu ƙafafu da yuwuwar motoci masu sarrafa kansu don motsa sassa da tsarin.A cikin ayyukan masana'antu masu sassauƙa, ana iya amfani da benayen ESD har ma a matsayin babban tushe don benches masu ƙafafu.
An ƙera benaye na ESD don hana lalacewar ESD ga sassan lantarki da taruka a wuraren kariya ta ESD (EPA).Akwai dalilai daban-daban na shigar da su.Kyakkyawan bene yana ba da kariya daga tsayayyen wutar lantarki:
Wasu benayen ESD sun cika duk buƙatu uku.Wasu kuma suna hana haɓakar wutar lantarki a kan mutane, amma ba su yi komai ba don kare kayan aiki ko wuraren aikin hannu na ƙasa, kekunan ESD da kujeru.
Domin samar da ingantattun samfuran, zama ƙwararren ISO, da biyan bukatun abokin ciniki, kayan lantarki dole ne su bi ANSI/ESD S20.20.Don saduwa da buƙatun bene na ANSI 20.20 ESD, masu siye da ƙayyadaddun bayanai yawanci suna mai da hankali kan juriyar wutar lantarki na tsarin shimfidar bene/manne.Amma juriya ma'aunin aiki ne kawai.
Neman bene wanda ya dace da buƙatun S20.20 don juriya-zuwa-aya (RTT) da juriya zuwa ƙasa (RTG) aiki ne mai sauƙi.Yarda da duk abubuwan ANSI / ESD S20.20 yana buƙatar bene don yin ayyuka da yawa, kuma ba kawai saduwa da sigogin juriya ba.Har ila yau, yana da mahimmanci don ƙayyade matsakaicin matsakaicin da bene zai haifar da mutum a hade tare da takalma na musamman. Furnitures, mobile workstations, da kayan aiki dole ne su kasance da tushe da kyau ta cikin bene, tare da juriya tsakanin simintin da ƙasa na ESD a cikin kewayon S20.20 yarda (<1.0 x109). Furnitures, mobile workstations, da kayan aiki dole ne su kasance da tushe da kyau ta cikin bene, tare da juriya tsakanin simintin da ƙasa na ESD a cikin kewayon S20.20 yarda (<1.0 x109). Мебель, мобильные рабочие станции и оборудование также роликами и заземлением пола в пределах допустимого диапазона S20.20 (< 1,0 x 109). Furnitures, mobile workstations da kayan aiki dole ne su kasance da tushe da kyau ta cikin bene tare da juriya tsakanin simintin da ƙasa a cikin kewayon izinin S20.20 (<1.0 x 109).家具、移动工作站和设备也必须通过地板正确接地，脚轮和ESD 地板接地地的地接地地的地接地地的地接地地的地接地之閐范围内 (<1.0 x109).家具 、 移动 工作站 和 作站接受 范围 内 (<1.0 x109)。 Мебельный быльные быльный быльный присание и оборудание. между роликами и заземлением пола должно находиться в пределах допустимого диапазона S20.20 (< 1,0 x 109). Furnitures, mobile workstations, da kayan aiki dole ne su kasance a ƙasa da kyau ta cikin bene, tare da juriya tsakanin simintin gyaran kafa da ƙasan bene yana cikin kewayon da aka yarda na S20.20 (<1.0 x 109).
An shigar da filin gwajin a matsayin wani ɓangare na kimanta allunan anti-static ta sashen kayan aiki na masana'antun na'urorin kiwon lafiya.An ƙididdige kaddarorin daban-daban, ciki har da lebur, halayen zamewa, juriya na tsarin bene, haɓakar damuwa akan ƙwanƙwasa, sauƙin mirgina kayan aiki mai nauyi, kulawa, da rikitarwa na shigarwa da gyarawa.
Ɗaya daga cikin zaɓuɓɓukan bene ya dace da duk ka'idoji, ciki har da yiwuwar yin amfani da aikin ku don shigarwa ba tare da amfani da manne ba.Duk da haka, kafin yin odar bene, injiniyan samar da kayayyaki ya sanya wasu kutunan tafi da gidanka a filin gwajin kuma ya auna juriya na ƙasa daga saman keken ta hanyar rollers masu sarrafawa zuwa wani wuri a ƙasa.
Duk da cewa bene da kansa ya auna a cikin kewayon gudanarwa (<1.0 x 106) a kowane gwajin ANSI/ESD S7.1, bene ya gaza gwajin aikin wayar hannu, tare da juriya ga ma'auni na ƙasa daga farfajiyar katako daga 1.0. x 106 zuwa 1.0 x 1012. Dangane da ANSI/ESD S20.20, kowane ma'auni> 1.0 x 109 yana zama gazawa. Duk da cewa bene da kansa ya auna a cikin kewayon gudanarwa (<1.0 x 106) a kowane gwajin ANSI/ESD S7.1, bene ya gaza gwajin aikin wayar hannu, tare da juriya ga ma'auni na ƙasa daga farfajiyar katako daga 1.0. x 106 zuwa 1.0 x 1012. Dangane da ANSI/ESD S20.20, kowane ma'auni> 1.0 x 109 yana zama gazawa. Несмотря на то, что пол сам по себе был измерен в диапазоне проводимости (< 1,0 x 106) в соответсм 7, сответст. не прошел тест на мобильную рабочую станцию, а сопротивление поверхности варьировалось от 1,0 x 106 до 1,0 x 1012. В соответствии с ANSI/ESD S20.20 любое измерение > 1,0 x 109 сикать. Ko da yake an auna ƙasa da kanta a cikin kewayon gudanarwa (<1.0 x 106) daidai da gwaje-gwajen ANSI / ESD S7.1, bene bai wuce gwajin aikin wayar hannu ba, kuma juriyar juriyar trolley a cikin ma'aunin juriya na ƙasa ya bambanta. daga 1.0 x 106 zuwa 1.0 x 1012. Dangane da ANSI/ESD S20.20, kowane ma'auni> 1.0 x 109 ana ɗaukar kuskure.尽管根据ANSI/ESD S7.1 测试，地板本身已在导电范围(< 1.0 x 106) 内测量，但地板本身已在导电范围试，从推车表面测量的接地电阻范围为1.0 x 106 到1.0 x 1012.尽管 根据 ANSI/ESD S7.1 测试 地板 本身 已移动 工作站 测试 ， 从 表面 的 接地 Несмотря на то, что сам пол был измерен в пределах диапазона проводимости (< 1,0 x 106) в соответсм 7, соответстви 7, сответст. не выдержал испытания мобильной рабочей станции с диапазоном 1,0 x при измерении отележки. Kodayake bene da kansa an auna shi a cikin kewayon gudanarwa (<1.0 x 106) daidai da gwaje-gwajen ANSI / ESD S7.1, bene ya gaza gwajin aikin wayar hannu tare da kewayon juriya na ƙasa na 1.0 x 106 zuwa 1.0 x da aka auna daga cart.shafi na 1012.Duk wani ma'auni fiye da 1.0 x 109 ana ɗaukarsa gazawa bisa ga ANSI/ESD S20.20.Bakwai daga cikin maki 40 na farko da aka auna ma'auni sama da matsakaicin ANSI (duba Table 1).
An yi fiye da ma'auni 1000 akan wannan samfurin.Adadin auren kusan kashi 16 ne.Matsalar siyayya?Lokacin da aka sanya shi a kan farantin karfe, juriya na ƙasan keken yana da kyau a ƙasa 1.0 x 107. Don kawar da gurɓatawa a matsayin mai canzawa, benaye da masu simintin an tsabtace su sosai kuma an sake gwada su.Wannan ba shi da tasiri kuma har yanzu ba a yarda da ma'auni ba.Kawai motsa keken inci ɗaya kuma juriya tsakanin keken da bene yana canzawa da umarni huɗu zuwa shida na girma.Ganin cewa juriya na bene da juriya na rollers na cart ɗin suna da alama ba su dawwama, abin da ya rage kawai shine bazuwar jeri na rollers (nadi da ƙasan ƙasa) akan tayal.
Hoto na 2 da 3 sun nuna hotunan manyan motocin pallet da aka saba amfani da su a wuraren Sabis na Masana'antar Lantarki (EMS).trolley ɗin yana fakin akan tsarin ƙasa wanda ke amfani da kwakwalwan kwamfuta.Wannan bene za a kasafta shi a matsayin ƙananan kwakwalwan kwamfuta (LD).Wannan tsarin bene na musamman yana ba da hanya mai ɗaukuwa daga guntu mai baƙar fata ta cikin kauri zuwa Layer na ƙasa mai lodin carbon da ke ƙasa.Yi amfani da tef ɗin tagulla 24 inci a matsayin wurin saukar ƙasa.Lokacin da aka gwada tare da 2.5 ″ (6.35 cm) da firikwensin NFPA lb biyar (2.27 kg), juriyar bene ya yi ƙasa da 1.0 x 106.
A cikin Hoto 2, keken zuwa ma'aunin ƙasa ya wuce iyaka (<1.0 X 109) na ANSI/ESD S20.20. A cikin Hoto 2, keken zuwa ma'aunin ƙasa ya wuce iyaka (<1.0 X 109) na ANSI/ESD S20.20.A kan fig.2 расстояние между тележкой и землей превышает пределы (< 1,0 X 109) стандарта ANSI/ESD S20.20. 2 Nisa tsakanin cart da ƙasa ya wuce iyaka (<1.0 X 109) na ANSI/ESD S20.20.在图2 中，推车对地测量超出了ANSI/ESD S20.20 的限制(< 1.0 X 109)). ANSI/ESD S20.20 的限制(< 1.0 X 109).A kan fig.2 расстояние между тележкой и землей превышает пределы ANSI/ESD S20.20 (< 1,0 X 109). 2 Nisa tsakanin cart da ƙasa ya wuce iyakar ANSI/ESD S20.20 (<1.0 X 109).A cikin hoto na 3, ma'aunin dacewa shine sakamakon ƙananan canje-canje a matsayin abin hawa ɗaya akan tayal ɗaya.Kamar sakamakon da ke cikin Tebu 1, waɗannan ma'auni na juriya sun tabbatar da babban alaƙa tsakanin ƙananan canje-canje a cikin matsayi na caster da manyan canje-canje a juriya.
Kamar katunan da aka nuna a cikin Figures 2 da 3, kutunan da masana'antun na'urorin likitanci ke amfani da su sun ƙunshi siminti guda huɗu.Juriya na ƙasa tsakanin katako da filin ƙasa ya cika buƙatun ANSI / ESD 84% na lokacin.Matsakaicin shigar kashi 84% yana nufin cewa kashi 16% na lokacin babu ɗaya daga cikin rollers ɗin da ke yin isasshiyar lamba tare da farantin tushe na guntu.
Wata hanyar da za a kalli wannan ita ce duba bayanan dangane da yiwuwar faruwar abubuwa hudu a jere suna da sakamako iri daya.A wannan yanayin, abubuwan da suka faru za su kasance tare.Misali, menene yuwuwar cewa, a cikin gwajin jefar da tsabar tsabar, kawunan za su fito sau hudu a jere?Wannan lissafin zai kasance
yuwuwar aukuwa ɗaya ta ninka da kanta sau huɗu, ko ½ x ½ x ½ x ½ = 1 cikin 16.
Idan muka yi amfani da wannan tsarin gabaɗaya zuwa matsalar benenmu (don sauƙi, mun ware ƙarancin barbashi daga jimlar yanki), zamu iya cewa bayan yunƙurin 100, za mu iya ba da izini ga duk rollers huɗu waɗanda ba sa tuntuɓar barbashi ɗaya kuma lokaci guda sau 16.Don haka, ta yaya zai yiwu cewa simintin gyare-gyare ba zai taɓa ɓangarorin sarrafawa ba?Aƙalla, muna tambayar yiwuwar faruwar abubuwa guda huɗu masu zuwa ko dai-ko aukuwa.Ma'aunin mu mai sauƙi na iya yin kama da wannan.X sau X sau X = 16/100.Don haka idan muka sami X, ƙarfin na huɗu na 16 shine 2, kuma ƙarfin huɗu na 100 shine 3.1.Ainihin, kowane simintin ƙarfe ɗaya yana da damar 66% na rashin taɓa abin da ke ƙasa.
Da fari dai, wannan ƙaƙƙarfan hujja ce don goyon bayan shigar da rollers a kan kowane taragon keken.Amma ainihin abin biya shine a riƙe wancan tsohon littafin ƙididdiga kuma kuyi ingantacciyar gwaji kafin ɗauka cewa kowane bene na ESD zai kasance ƙasa bisa sakamakon gwaji daga ANSI/ESD 7.1 mai yarda da aikin wayar hannu.
Ana iya guje wa wannan matsala cikin sauƙi lokacin siyan sabbin benaye.Lokacin tantance bene na ESD, dole ne a kimanta bene a matsayin wani ɓangare na kayan aiki kuma a matsayin tsari a cikin makaman.Dole ne a gwada benaye don dacewa da duk abubuwan kariya na ESD, gami da sarrafawa.Bene mai cikakken aiki zai iya aiki azaman anka don duk buƙatun ƙasa na hannu.
Maɓalli mai mahimmanci na yawancin benaye na ESD shine ikon kawar da ƙaƙƙarfan tsarin haɗin kai a cikin EPA.Har ila yau, benayen ESD suna kawar da buƙatar sanya abubuwan haɗin gwiwa a cikin akwati da aka rufe da jakunkuna masu kariya.Amma don kawar da yin amfani da marufi masu wahala da kuma tabbatar da ka'idoji, dole ne bene ya samar da isasshiyar hanyar ƙasa don tafiyar da rollers.
Wasu benaye na ESD ba za su iya yin ƙasa yadda ya kamata ba saboda rashin daidaituwa tsakanin rollers ko jagorori da ƙarancin ɗigon ɗigo ko guntu a saman ƙasa.A wasu lokuta, haske yadudduka na ƙananan gyare-gyare na polyurethane ko yumbu, masana'anta da aka yi amfani da su a saman bene, na iya tsananta matsalar.Waɗannan suturar UV masu warkewa suna rage farashin kulawa.Yawancin gwaje-gwajen sun nuna cewa murfin ƙaramin bakin ciki yana ƙara juriya na bene kuma yana rage kulawar damuwa mai tafiya.
Ƙarfafawar wasu fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen vinyl na ESD ya samo asali ne saboda bazuwar ƙwanƙwasa da aka sanya su kamar fale-falen da aka nuna a cikin Hoto na 4. Baƙar fata su ne kawai abubuwan gudanarwa a saman tayal.Sauran saman fili vinyl ne, polymer insulating wanda baya samar da haɗin ƙasa.
Kamar yadda aka nuna a cikin Hoto 4, zamu iya kimanta wannan yuwuwar ta hanyar jujjuya binciken NFPA zuwa gefensa da auna yanki na lamba tsakanin guntu mai sarrafawa da ƙasa.Samfurin tayal da aka nuna anan yana auna ƙasa da 1.0 x 106 lokacin da aka yi amfani da gabaɗayan firikwensin 31 cm2 a gwajin ANSI/ESD S7.1.Duk da haka, da polymer tsakanin kwakwalwan kwamfuta ba conductive.Ma'aunin ya bambanta da fiye da umarni biyar na girma lokacin da simintin ya taɓa polymer ɗin da ba ya aiki tsakanin kwakwalwan kwamfuta maimakon kwakwalwan kwamfuta.
Don wuraren aiki masu ɗaukuwa ko kujeru waɗanda suka dace da ANSI/ESD S20.20, juriya na ƙasa dole ne ya zama ƙasa da 1.0 x 109.
Don fahimtar matsalar, mun kalli ma'auni na rollers masu gudanarwa kuma mun yi ƙoƙari mu ƙayyade yawan filin da suke taɓa bene.Da farko mun sanya takaddun takarda guda huɗu a ƙarƙashin rollers kuma mun matsar da takardar zuwa wurare huɗu daban-daban har sai ta daina zamewa (duba hoto na 5).
Lokacin da muka ɗaga takarda, muna tsammanin zanen gado huɗu ba za su taɓa ba.Wuri ko mara komai zai nuna mana madaidaicin wurin tuntuɓar nadi tare da bene.Kafin mu motsa rollers, mun haɗa takaddun takarda tare don ajiye su a wuri.Sai muka nade kujerun daga takardar.Tun da mun sami damar dacewa da takarda da yawa a ƙarƙashin rollers, muna tsammanin wurin hulɗa tsakanin rollers da fale-falen bene ya zama ƙanana.Mun yi mamakin ganin cewa ya fi sandunan azurfa girma.A haƙiƙa, ainihin wurin tuntuɓar bai kai dime ɗaya ba (duba Hoto na 5).
Hoto 6: Tsayayyen wuri mai launin toka tsakanin tsabar 1/4 da tsabar kudin tana wakiltar wurin tuntuɓar simintin.
Yi tunanin sharewa akan takarda azaman taga kallo.Muna matsar da tagogi a kan tayal.Lokacin da ba mu ga guntu ba a cikin taga kallo, muna kallon ɓangaren tayal ɗin da ba ya ƙasan simintin.Ko da yake yana ba da ɗan matakin aiki, lokacin da mafi yawan wuraren tuntuɓar abin nadi yana cikin rata tsakanin kwakwalwan kwamfuta, juriya na iya zama sama da 1.0 x 109.
Wani abin nadi na yau da kullun yana da kusan 10 cm a diamita amma yana da yanki mai lamba 1 cm² kawai.Daga wannan ra'ayi, wurin tuntuɓar firikwensin NFPA da aka yi amfani da shi don auna juriya daga saman bene na ESD zuwa ƙasa shine 31 cm2.Nisa tsakanin ɓangarorin ɗabi'a da aka yi amfani da su a cikin ƙananan fasaha na guntu (duba Hoto 9) Ana iya auna benayen ESD a nisa daga 0.5 cm zuwa 10 cm, tare da matsakaicin 2 zuwa 5 cm./ESD STM 7.1 ba zai iya yin hasashen ko wani bene zai ci gaba da ba da lambar lantarki tsakanin rollers da bene.
Hanya daya tilo don yin ingantacciyar ƙudiri ita ce gudanar da ingantaccen samfurin ma'aunin juriya ta hanyar amfani da kuloli, rollers da benaye waɗanda masana'anta za su saya.Dole ne a yi wannan kafin yin odar kowane benaye.Da zarar an shigar da ƙasa, ya yi latti don gyara matsalar.Yawancin masana'antun bene ba sa bayar da bayanai ko garanti dangane da juriyar tuntuɓar abin nadi.
Idan muka sanya takarda iri ɗaya tare da taga mai girman abin nadi-lamba akan tayal ɗin vinyl na ESD wanda aka yi daga matrix ɗin rubutu mai yawa, zamu iya matsar da taga ko'ina akan tayal kuma har yanzu muna ganin rubutun.Saboda kusancin tazara tsakanin maƙallan, ba zai yuwu a sami wuraren da ba za a iya tafiyar da ƙasa ba a cikin wannan matrix ɗin.Wannan ƙaƙƙarfan matrix na nau'in ɗabi'a yana ƙara yuwuwar haɗuwa tsakanin ƙaramin saman ƙafafun da abubuwan gudanarwa na tayal.Duk inda muka ga veins, daftarin aiki na tayal zai kasa kujeru da kujeru.
Fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen ESD da aka yi ta amfani da fasahar waya mai ɗaukar nauyi ya ƙunshi kusan ƙafa 150 na madaidaiciyar wayoyi a kowace ƙafar murabba'in.Ana ganin ta daga wannan hangen nesa, jijiyoyi akan fale-falen fale-falen guda talatin da shida suna wakiltar wurin tuntuɓar mai tsayi tsawon mil.Tare da irin wannan adadi mai yawa na abubuwan gudanarwa, koda tare da tuntuɓar abin nadi ɗaya, sakamakon ma'aunin ya dace da 100% daidai da ma'aunin ANSI S20.20.Shin benaye na yin amfani da fasahar guntu mai ɗaukar nauyi zai iya magance wannan matsalar?
A kan fig.8 yana nuna kwatankwacin gani na ƙananan ƙarancin ƙima (LD) mai hankali mai mutuƙar mutuƙar ƙaƙƙarfan jirgin baya da babban jirgin baya mai tarwatsewa (HD).Nisa tsakanin kwakwalwan kwamfuta a kan bene na LD na iya zama 0.5 zuwa 5 cm a cikin tayal ɗaya ko takarda.Tazarar guntu da wuya ya wuce 0.5 cm akan benayen guntu HD.Ana iya samar da benayen guntu a cikin zanen gado ko nadi don shigarwa mara kyau.Saboda gazawar aiwatar da masana'antu, ba za a iya samar da shimfidar Technical Vein a cikin nadi ba.Za a iya amfani da jijiya kawai azaman tayal.
Hoto 9: Kula da babban wurin tuntuɓar na'urar firikwensin NFPA idan aka kwatanta da ainihin abu da aka kafa ta cikin bene na ESD: D - yankin lamba na firikwensin NFPA = kusan. 31 cm2E-Madaidaicin diddige madaurin: > 13 cm2G-Yankin tuntuɓar Caster = 1 cm2F-Yankin lamban sarkar ƙasa = ƙarancin ƙima 31 cm2E-Madaidaicin diddige madaurin: > 13 cm2G-Yankin tuntuɓar Caster = 1 cm2F-Yankin lamban sarkar ƙasa = ƙarancin ƙima 31 см2E — типичный пяточный: > 13 см2G чительная 31cm2E - Madaidaicin diddige madauri:> 13cm2G - Wurin hulɗar dabaran = 1cm2F - Sarkar zuwa yankin lamba na ƙasa = maras kyau 31 cm2E—典型的鞋跟带：> 13 cm2G—脚轮接触面积= 1 cm2F—接地链接触面积= 可忽略31 cm2E—典型的鞋跟带：> 13 cm2G—脚轮接触面积= 1 cm2F—接地链接触面积= 可忽略31 см2E – типичный пяточный ремень: > 13 см2G – площадь контакта с роликом = 1 см2F ina 31 cm2E - madaurin diddige na yau da kullun:> 13 cm2G - yankin lamba na abin nadi = 1 cm2F - yankin lamba na ƙasa = mara kyau
Dole ne a yi cikakken kimanta benayen ESD don yawancin fasalulluka, gami da dacewa da kayan sarrafa kayan.Akwai manyan fasahohi guda biyu don samar da fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen fale-falen ESD da zanen gado: fasaha mai mahimmanci da fasahar guntu mai gudanarwa.Fasahar da ake amfani da ita don samar da benaye na ESD yana rinjayar aiki.A cikin yanayin da bene dole ne ya zama ƙasa don wuraren aiki na wayar hannu da kuloli, benaye masu sarrafawa sun fi ƙasa da matsakaicin ɗigon fasahar guntu.Wannan ya faru ne saboda ƙarancin fil ɗin sarrafawa a cikin al'amuran LD da tsakiyar kewayon guntu guntu.Sabuwar fasahar guntu mai girma tana magance wannan matsala kuma tana ba da matakin aiki iri ɗaya kamar benaye tare da fasaha mai mahimmanci.
Dave Long shine Shugaba kuma wanda ya kafa Staticworx, Inc., babban mai samar da shimfidar bene na kyauta.Tare da fiye da shekaru 30 na ƙwarewar masana'antu, ya haɗu da ɗimbin ilimin fasaha na electrostatics da gwajin gwaji mai mahimmanci tare da fahimtar yadda kayan ke aiki a cikin yanayi na ainihi.
Wannan shine ainihin abin da na gano bayan canza ƙayyadaddun ƙayyadaddun bene na ESD.Na duba duk benaye don ESD kuma a bayyane yake koda ta kallon su.Bugu da ƙari, tarkace da aka gani a kan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan ƙananan, don haka babu wata hanya zuwa ƙasa.Hakanan ba a gwada benayen kuma sun bambanta sosai (ko da yake sun ci madaidaicin gwajin tafiya).Maɗaukakin girma da benaye masu rubutu da muke da su a baya sun fi ƙarfin juriya fiye da sababbin ƙayyadaddun bayanai.
In Compliance shine babban tushen labarai, bayanai, ilimantarwa da zaburarwa ga ƙwararrun lantarki da na lantarki.
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Lokacin aikawa: Oktoba-17-2022