A ƙasa muna ayyana ma'auni masu mahimmanci waɗanda ke ƙayyade siffa, dacewa da sarrafa keken dutse da kuma bayyana yadda suke shafar hawan.

A ƙasa muna ayyana ma'auni masu mahimmanci waɗanda ke ƙayyade siffa, dacewa da sarrafa keken dutse da kuma bayyana yadda suke shafar hawan.
Za mu fara da tushe, gami da abubuwan da ba a bayyana su ba, kafin mu tattauna wasu ƙananan abubuwan da aka ambata amma daidai da mahimman batutuwan lissafi.A ƙarshe, za mu bincika yadda fahimtar yanayin yanayin rashin fahimta sau da yawa ke shafar gudanarwa.
Tsawon bututun wurin zama yana ƙayyade girman bike fiye da ƙirar "ƙananan, matsakaici ko babba".Wannan saboda yana bayyana mafi ƙanƙanta da matsakaicin tsayin sirdi za a iya saita shi, sabili da haka iyakar tsayin da mahayi zai iya hawa babur cikin jin daɗi, ko kuma yadda za su iya sauke sirdi don saukowa.
Misali, firam guda biyu masu matsakaicin girman sau da yawa suna da tsayin bututu daban-daban don mahaya daban-daban.Yayin da tsayin bututun zama ba ya shafar sarrafa keke kai tsaye, kulawa mai mahimmanci da ma'auni mai dacewa kamar isa dole ne a kwatanta shi da tsayin bututun zama don sanin tsayin keke dangane da tsayin mahayin.
Matsakaicin isa zuwa tsayin bututun wurin zama yana da amfani musamman - wasu kekuna na zamani sun fi tsayi fiye da girman bututun kujera.
Ma'anar: Tsawon daga saman bututun sitiyari zuwa layin kwance wanda ya ketare tsakiyar wurin zama.
Mafi kyawun Tube (ETT) yana ba da mafi kyawun ra'ayi game da girman girman bike lokacin da kuke cikin sirdi fiye da amfani da ma'aunin bututun tushe (daga saman bututun kai zuwa saman bututun wurin zama).
Haɗe tare da tsayin tushe da sirdi diyya, wannan yana ba da kyakkyawar alamar yadda keken zai ji yayin hawa a cikin sirdi.
Ma'anar: Tazarar tsaye daga cibiyar maƙalar ƙasa zuwa saman cibiyar bututun kai.
Wannan yana ƙayyade yadda ƙarancin sandar zai iya zama dangane da abin hawa.A wasu kalmomi, yana bayyana mafi ƙarancin tsayin sanda ba tare da masu sarari a ƙarƙashin mashaya ba.Har ila yau, tari yana da alaƙa mai mahimmanci amma mara hankali ga ƙima…
Ma'anar: Nisa a kwance daga sashin ƙasa zuwa tsakiyar tsakiyar bututun kai.
Daga cikin lambobi da aka saba a cikin ginshiƙi na lissafin bike, kashewa yana ba da mafi kyawun ra'ayin yadda keken ya dace.Baya ga tsayin tushe, yana kuma ƙayyade yadda babur ɗin ya fita daga sirdi, da kuma ingantacciyar kusurwar wurin zama, wanda kuma ke ƙayyade yadda babur ɗin ke da ɗaki a cikin sirdi.Duk da haka, akwai ƙaramin faɗakarwa, yana da alaƙa da tsayin tari.
Ɗauki kekuna guda biyu iri ɗaya kuma ɗaga bututun kan keke ɗaya don ya sami ƙarin tsayi.Yanzu idan ka auna kewayon waɗannan kekuna biyu, wanda ke da bututun kai mai tsayi zai zama gajarta.Wannan saboda kusurwar bututun kai ba a tsaye yake ba - don haka tsayin bututun kai, zai fi mayar da samansa, sabili da haka guntun ma'aunin isa.Koyaya, idan kun yi amfani da mashinan lasifikan kai akan ainihin keken ta yadda tsayin hannun sandar ya zama iri ɗaya, ƙwarewar hawan kan kekunan biyu za su kasance iri ɗaya.
Wannan yana nuna yadda tsayin tudu ke shafar ma'aunin kewayo.Lokacin kwatanta nisa tsakanin kekuna, ku tuna cewa kekuna masu tsayin tsayin tudu za su ji tsayi fiye da yadda karatun su na mike zai nuna.
Hanya mafi sauƙi don auna kewayon ita ce sanya ƙafafun gaban gaban bango, sannan auna nisa daga bangon zuwa saman ɓangarorin ƙasa da bututun kai sannan a cire.
Ma'anar: Nisa daga tsakiyar maƙallan ƙasa zuwa tsakiyar kasan bututun kai.
Kamar isarwa, tsayin tubu na iya nuna yadda babur ke da ɗaki, amma wannan kuma yana da rikitarwa da wasu dalilai.
Kamar yadda isarwa ya dogara da tsayin tari (bambancin tsayi tsakanin kasan ɓangarorin ƙasa da maƙallan ƙasa), haka ma tsayin tubu.kafa tube.
Wannan yana nufin tsayin bututu yana da amfani kawai idan aka kwatanta kekuna masu girman dabaran da tsayin cokali mai yatsa, don haka kasan bututun kai yana kusan tsayi iri ɗaya.A wannan yanayin, tsayin bututun ƙasa zai iya zama lamba mafi amfani (kuma mai aunawa) fiye da tsayi.
Tsawon tsakiyar gaba, ƙarancin babur ɗin zai iya karkata gaba bisa manyan ƙugiya ko birki mai wuya.Wannan saboda nauyin mahayin a dabi'a zai kasance a bayan fuskar tuntuɓar gaba.Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa ƙetare enduro da kekuna na ƙasa suna da dogon cibiyoyi na gaba.
Don tsayin tsakiyar baya da aka bayar, tsakiyar gaba mai tsayi yana rage yawan nauyin mahayin da ke goyan bayan dabaran gaba.Wannan yana rage motsin gaba sai dai idan mahayin ya canza wurin zama a gaba ko kuma tsakiyar motar baya shima ya yi tsayi.
Ma'anar: Tazarar kwance daga tsakiyar maƙallan ƙasa zuwa ga axle na baya (tsawon staystay).
Tunda tsakiyar dabaran gaba yawanci ya fi tsayi fiye da tsakiyar motar baya, kekuna na dutse suna da rarraba nauyi na baya.Ana iya magance wannan idan mahayin ya sane ya matsa lamba akan sandar, amma yana iya zama mai gajiyawa kuma yana aiki.
Tare da duk nauyin mahayin akan ƙafafu, rabon tsakiyar baya zuwa jimlar wheelbase yana ƙayyade nauyin rarraba gaba da baya.
Cibiyar baya ta wani bike mai tsaunuka na yau da kullun yana da kusan kashi 35% na ƙafarsa, don haka kafin mahayin ya sanya nauyi akan sanduna, rarraba nauyin "na halitta" shine 35% gaba da 65% na baya.
Dabarar gaba mai nauyin 50% ko fiye yana da kyau don yin kusurwa, don haka kekuna tare da guntun guntun ƙafar tsakiya a baya dole ne su ƙara matsa lamba don cimma wannan.
A kan gangaren gangare, rabon nauyi yana ƙara gaba ta wata hanya, musamman a ƙarƙashin birki, don haka wannan ya fi dacewa ga sasanninta.
Sakamakon tsayin daka na baya ya sa ya fi sauƙi (tare da ƙarancin gajiya) don cimma daidaiton nauyin rarraba, wanda ke da kyau ga gogayya ta gaba a sasanninta madaidaiciya.
Koyaya, tsayin tsakiyar baya, ƙarin nauyi dole ne mai hawa ya ɗauka (ta amfani da madaidaicin ƙasa) don ɗaga dabaran gaba.Don haka guntuwar cibiya ta baya tana rage yawan aikin hannu, amma yana ƙara yawan aikin da ake buƙata don ɗora ƙafafun gaba daidai ta hanyar sanduna.
Ma'anar: nisa a kwance tsakanin axles na gaba da na baya ko saman lamba;jimlar cibiyar baya da ta gaba.
Yana da wuya a tantance yadda ƙafar ƙafar ke yin tasiri ga gudanarwa.Tun da wheelbase ya ƙunshi sashin tsakiya na baya da sashin tsakiya na gaba (ƙarshen bi da bi ana ƙaddara ta hanyar isarwa, kusurwar kai da madaidaicin cokali mai yatsa), haɗuwa daban-daban na waɗannan masu canji na iya samar da tushe iri ɗaya amma halayen kulawa daban-daban..
Gabaɗaya, duk da haka, tsayin ƙafar ƙafar, ƙarancin rabon mahayin zai sami tasiri ta hanyar birki, sauye-sauyen karkata, ko ƙasa mara kyau.Ta wannan ma'ana, tsayin ƙafafu yana inganta kwanciyar hankali;akwai taga mai girma tsakanin lokacin da nauyin mahayin yayi nisa (sama da sanduna) ko baya (madauki).Wannan na iya zama mara kyau, saboda jujjuyawar hannu ko baka yana buƙatar ƙarin ƙoƙari.
Har ila yau, akwai kasada zuwa kusurwoyi masu tsauri.Da tsayin ƙafar ƙafar ƙafar ƙafa, ana buƙatar ƙarin jujjuya sanduna (wannan ake kira kusurwar hannun) don samun keken ta hanyar radius na juyawa.
Bugu da ƙari, bambanci tsakanin arcs da ƙafafun gaba da na baya ke wucewa zai fi girma.Wannan shine dalilin da ya sa dogayen motocin bas sukan tsunkule ƙafafunsu na baya a cikin sasanninta.Tabbas, kekunan tsaunuka ba sa juya hanya ɗaya da manyan motoci ko ma babura - motar baya na iya billa ko tsallakewa cikin jujjuyawa idan an buƙata.
Mafi girman tsayin gindin gindi, mafi girman tsakiyar mahayin nauyi, don haka babur ɗin yana jingine cikin sauƙi lokacin da ake bugun kututture, birki mai ƙarfi, ko hawan dutse.Ta wannan ma'ana, madaidaicin gindin ƙasa yana inganta kwanciyar hankali kamar yadda tsayin ƙafar ƙafa ke yi.
Abin ban mamaki, ɓangarorin ƙasa kuma yana sa keken ya fi dacewa a kusurwoyi.Lokacin da keken ya tsaya a kan kusurwa, yana motsawa a kusa da axis na nadi (layin da ke tare da ƙasa mai haɗawa biyun lamba).Ta hanyar runtse tsakiyar mahayin kusa kusa da axis ɗin nadi, nauyin mahayin yana raguwa lokacin da babur ɗin ya jingina zuwa juyi, kuma ƙarfin mahayin lokacin da yake canza kusurwoyi masu lanƙwasa (lokacin juyawa daga hagu zuwa hagu), alal misali, yana raguwa..
Tsawon tsakiyar nauyi na mahayin da keken da ke sama da axis ɗin nadi ana kiransa lokacin jujjuyawa: mafi girman wannan nisa, sannu a hankali keken zai canza madaidaiciyar hanya.
Sakamakon haka, kekuna masu ƙananan tsayin gindin ƙasa suna son shiga da fita daga juyawa cikin sauƙi.
Tsayin gindin ƙasa yana shafar sag na dakatarwa da tsayin tafiya mai ƙarfi, don haka tafiye-tafiye masu tsayi suna buƙatar tsayin tsayin tushe mai tsayi don rama ƙarin tafiye-tafiyen dakatarwa.Dubi sassan da ke ƙasa akan sag da geometry mai ƙarfi.
Rashin lahani na ƙananan shinge na ƙasa a bayyane yake: yana ƙara damar kama ƙafar ƙafar ƙafa ko sprockets a ƙasa.
Har ila yau, yana da kyau a tuna cewa tsakiyar nauyi na babur da mahayin yawanci ya fi mita sama da ƙasa, don haka rage girman kashin ƙasa da santimita (yawan da ke ƙaruwa sosai) yana haifar da ɗan bambanci kaɗan.
Ma'anar: Tazarar tsaye daga mahadar axle zuwa tsakiyar abin hawa.
Digon gindin da kansa ba shi da mahimmanci kamar yadda wasu za su yi tunani.Wasu mutane na ganin tazarar da ke ƙasan gindin da ke rataye a ƙarƙashin gatari kai tsaye ke tabbatar da kwanciyar hankalin babur ɗin a bi da bi, kamar dai layin naɗaɗɗen keken (layin da ke juyawa yayin da yake jingina) yana kan tsayin axile.
Ana amfani da wannan hujja a cikin tallace-tallace na ƙafafun 29 inch, suna iƙirarin cewa keken ya fi kwanciyar hankali saboda kashin ƙasa yana ɗan ƙasa kaɗan (maimakon sama) fiye da axle.
A zahiri, mirgina axis - a kusan magana - layin da ke haɗa filayen tuntuɓar tayoyin.Muhimmin ma'auni don juyawa shine tsayin tsakiyar taro sama da wannan layin, ba tsayin sashin ƙasa ba dangane da axis.
Shigar da ƙananan ƙafafun zai rage tsayin abin hawa, amma ba zai shafi digo na abin hawa ba.Wannan yana bawa babur damar sauya alkibla da sauri da sauri saboda babur da mahayin suna da ƙananan cibiyar taro.
Abin sha'awa shine, wasu kekuna (kamar Pivot's Switchblade) suna da "kwakwalwan kwakwalwa" masu tsayi-daidaitacce don rama nau'ikan masu girma dabam.Tsayin gindin ƙasa ya kasance iri ɗaya da ƙaramar dabaran, amma tsayin sashin ƙasa yana canzawa.
Wannan ya haifar da ɗan ƙaramin canji a cikin sarrafa keken, yana nuna cewa tsayin sashin ƙasa yana da mahimmanci maimakon digon ƙasa.
Koyaya, jefar da sashin ƙasa har yanzu ma'auni ne mai amfani.Tsayin BB ya dogara ba kawai akan girman dabaran ba, har ma akan zaɓin taya - kwatanta digowar ɓangarorin ƙasa tsakanin kekuna don girman dabarar da aka ba da ita yana kawar da wannan canji.
Na farko, kusurwar bututun kai yana shafar nisan gatari na gaba a gaban mahayin.Duk sauran abubuwa daidai suke, kusurwar bututun kai mai sako-sako yana ƙaruwa cibiyar gaba, yana sa babur ɗin ya zama ƙasa da ƙasa don jingina gaba akan gangaren gangaren ƙasa, amma yana rage nauyin mahayin zuwa yanayin fuskar fuska.Sakamakon haka, mahaya za su iya matsawa da ƙarfi a kan sandunan hannu don guje wa ƙarƙashin kusurwoyi masu faɗi tare da ƙananan kusurwar kai.